diff --git a/app/call_block/call_block.php b/app/call_block/call_block.php
index d78493330d..82cfab03d3 100644
--- a/app/call_block/call_block.php
+++ b/app/call_block/call_block.php
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 //prepare to page the results
 	$rows_per_page = (!empty($_SESSION['domain']['paging']['numeric'])) ? $_SESSION['domain']['paging']['numeric'] : 50;
 	$param = "&search=".$search;
-	if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('call_block_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('call_block_all')) {
 		$param .= "&show=all";
 	}
 	$page = $_GET['page'] ?? '';
diff --git a/app/call_centers/call_center_agent_edit.php b/app/call_centers/call_center_agent_edit.php
index 2d70b00953..eb5b8bd241 100644
--- a/app/call_centers/call_center_agent_edit.php
+++ b/app/call_centers/call_center_agent_edit.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 	$agent_password = '';
 
 //check for duplicates
-	if (!empty($_GET["check"]) == 'duplicate') {
+	if (!empty($_GET["check"]) && $_GET["check"] == 'duplicate') {
 		//agent id
 			if (!empty($_GET["agent_id"])) {
 				$sql = "select agent_name ";
@@ -610,4 +610,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/call_centers/call_center_agents.php b/app/call_centers/call_center_agents.php
index eec639110c..cccb771a86 100644
--- a/app/call_centers/call_center_agents.php
+++ b/app/call_centers/call_center_agents.php
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 //get total call center agent count from the database
 	$sql = "select count(*) from v_call_center_agents ";
 	$sql .= "where true ";
-	if (!empty($_GET['show']) != "all" || !permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] != "all" || !permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
 		$sql .= "and (domain_uuid = :domain_uuid or domain_uuid is null) ";
 		$parameters['domain_uuid'] = $_SESSION['domain_uuid'];
 	}
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
 	}
 	echo 		"<form id='form_search' class='inline' method='get'>";
 	if (permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
-		if (!empty($_GET['show']) == 'all') {
+		if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == 'all') {
 			echo "		<input type='hidden' name='show' value='all'>";
 		}
 		else {
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 		echo "		<input type='checkbox' id='checkbox_all' name='checkbox_all' onclick='list_all_toggle(); checkbox_on_change(this);' ".(!empty($result) ?: "style='visibility: hidden;'").">\n";
 		echo "	</th>\n";
 	}
-	if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
 		echo th_order_by('domain_name', $text['label-domain'], $order_by, $order, $param, "class='shrink'");
 	}
 	//echo th_order_by('domain_uuid', 'domain_uuid', $order_by, $order);
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 				echo "		<input type='hidden' name='call_center_agents[$x][uuid]' value='".escape($row['call_center_agent_uuid'])."' />\n";
 				echo "	</td>\n";
 			}
-			if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
+			if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
 				if (!empty($_SESSION['domains'][$row['domain_uuid']]['domain_name'])) {
 					$domain = $_SESSION['domains'][$row['domain_uuid']]['domain_name'];
 				}
diff --git a/app/call_centers/call_center_queues.php b/app/call_centers/call_center_queues.php
index fefa08e7fe..fe329e1427 100644
--- a/app/call_centers/call_center_queues.php
+++ b/app/call_centers/call_center_queues.php
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 //get total call center queues count from the database
 	$sql = "select count(*) from v_call_center_queues ";
 	$sql .= "where true ";
-	if (!empty($_GET['show']) != "all" || !permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] != "all" || !permission_exists('call_center_all')) {
 		$sql .= "and (domain_uuid = :domain_uuid or domain_uuid is null) ";
 		$parameters['domain_uuid'] = $_SESSION['domain_uuid'];
 	}
diff --git a/app/call_recordings/call_recordings.php b/app/call_recordings/call_recordings.php
index d597987e49..1315019a97 100644
--- a/app/call_recordings/call_recordings.php
+++ b/app/call_recordings/call_recordings.php
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
 				echo "		<input type='hidden' name='call_recordings[$x][uuid]' value='".escape($row['call_recording_uuid'])."' />\n";
 				echo "	</td>\n";
 			}
-			if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('call_recording_all')) {
+			if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('call_recording_all')) {
 				echo "	<td class='overflow hide-sm-dn shrink'>".escape($row['domain_name'])."</td>\n";
 			}
 			echo "	<td class='hide-sm-dn shrink'>".escape($row['caller_id_name'])."</td>\n";
diff --git a/app/contacts/contact_address_edit.php b/app/contacts/contact_address_edit.php
index 4740cc804b..c1df2fc625 100644
--- a/app/contacts/contact_address_edit.php
+++ b/app/contacts/contact_address_edit.php
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
 	}
 
 //pre-populate the form
-	if (!empty($_GET) && !empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
+	if (!empty($_GET) && empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 		$contact_address_uuid = $_GET["id"];
 		$sql = "select * from v_contact_addresses ";
 		$sql .= "where domain_uuid = :domain_uuid ";
@@ -472,4 +472,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/devices/device_profile_copy.php b/app/devices/device_profile_copy.php
index 4c791366c7..1cf528f83f 100644
--- a/app/devices/device_profile_copy.php
+++ b/app/devices/device_profile_copy.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 	The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
 	Mark J Crane <markjcrane@fusionpbx.com>
-	Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2008-2019
+	Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2008-2023
 	the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
 
 	Contributor(s):
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	$text = $language->get();
 
 //set the http get/post variable(s) to a php variable
-	if (is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
+	if (!empty($_REQUEST["id"]) && is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
 		$device_profile_uuid = $_REQUEST["id"];
 	}
 
diff --git a/app/devices/device_profiles.php b/app/devices/device_profiles.php
index ec5225f760..f9b429dd74 100644
--- a/app/devices/device_profiles.php
+++ b/app/devices/device_profiles.php
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 //get the count
 	$sql = "select count(*) from v_device_profiles ";
 	$sql .= "where true ";
-	if (empty($_GET['show']) || $_GET['show'] != "all" || !permission_exists('device_profile_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) || $_GET['show'] != "all" || !permission_exists('device_profile_all')) {
 		$sql .= "and (domain_uuid = :domain_uuid or domain_uuid is null) ";
 		$parameters['domain_uuid'] = $domain_uuid;
 	}
@@ -296,4 +296,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php b/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php
index 6ff9994410..09935e7786 100644
--- a/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php
+++ b/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 	The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
 	Mark J Crane <markjcrane@fusionpbx.com>
-	Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2008-2016
+	Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2008-2023
 	the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
 
 	Contributor(s):
diff --git a/app/email_queue/email_queue_edit.php b/app/email_queue/email_queue_edit.php
index 781ea37fff..c095b0efb3 100644
--- a/app/email_queue/email_queue_edit.php
+++ b/app/email_queue/email_queue_edit.php
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	$text = $language->get();
 
 //action add or update
-	if (is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
+	if (!empty($_REQUEST["id"]) && is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
 		$action = "update";
 		$email_queue_uuid = $_REQUEST["id"];
 		$id = $_REQUEST["id"];
@@ -415,4 +415,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/email_templates/email_templates.php b/app/email_templates/email_templates.php
index b5018ee5ca..0a479f60c9 100644
--- a/app/email_templates/email_templates.php
+++ b/app/email_templates/email_templates.php
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 
 //prepare to page the results
 	$sql = "select count(*) from v_email_templates where true ";
-	if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
 		if (!empty($sql_search)) {
 			$sql .= "and ".$sql_search;
 		}
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 	}
 	echo 		"<form id='form_search' class='inline' method='get'>\n";
 	if (permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
-		if (!empty($_GET['show']) == 'all') {
+		if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == 'all') {
 			echo "		<input type='hidden' name='show' value='all'>";
 		}
 		else {
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 		echo "		<input type='checkbox' id='checkbox_all' name='checkbox_all' onclick='list_all_toggle(); checkbox_on_change(this);' ".(!empty($result) ?: "style='visibility: hidden;'").">\n";
 		echo "	</th>\n";
 	}
-	if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
 		echo "<th>".$text['label-domain']."</th>\n";
 		//echo th_order_by('domain_name', $text['label-domain'], $order_by, $order, null, null, $param);
 	}
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 				echo "		<input type='hidden' name='email_templates[$x][uuid]' value='".escape($row['email_template_uuid'])."' />\n";
 				echo "	</td>\n";
 			}
-			if (!empty($_GET['show']) == "all" && permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
+			if (!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('email_template_all')) {
 				echo "	<td>";
 				if (is_uuid($row['domain_uuid'])) {
 					echo escape($_SESSION['domains'][$row['domain_uuid']]['domain_name']);
diff --git a/app/extensions/extensions.php b/app/extensions/extensions.php
index 7be5431c82..b2b6eaab20 100644
--- a/app/extensions/extensions.php
+++ b/app/extensions/extensions.php
@@ -115,8 +115,6 @@
 		$parameters['search'] = '%'.$search.'%';
 	}
 
-
-
 //get total extension count
 	$sql = "select count(*) from v_extensions where true ";
 	if (!(!empty($_GET['show']) && $_GET['show'] == "all" && permission_exists('extension_all'))) {
diff --git a/app/fax_queue/fax_queue.php b/app/fax_queue/fax_queue.php
index 6c38d759ef..131e590847 100644
--- a/app/fax_queue/fax_queue.php
+++ b/app/fax_queue/fax_queue.php
@@ -99,8 +99,6 @@
 	$order_by = $_GET["order_by"] ?? null;
 	$order = $_GET["order"] ?? null;
 
-
-
 //get the count
 	$sql = "select count(fax_queue_uuid) ";
 	$sql .= "from v_fax_queue as q ";
@@ -368,4 +366,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/music_on_hold/music_on_hold_edit.php b/app/music_on_hold/music_on_hold_edit.php
index 6813658499..2f03425e75 100644
--- a/app/music_on_hold/music_on_hold_edit.php
+++ b/app/music_on_hold/music_on_hold_edit.php
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	$text = $language->get();
 
 //action add or update
-	if (is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
+	if (!empty($_REQUEST["id"]) && is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
 		$action = "update";
 		$music_on_hold_uuid = $_REQUEST["id"];
 	}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 			}
 
 		//add or update the database
-			if ($_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+			if (empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 				if ($action == "add" && permission_exists('music_on_hold_add')) {
 					//begin insert array
 						$array['music_on_hold'][0]['music_on_hold_uuid'] = uuid();
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
 	}
 
 //pre-populate the form
-	if (count($_GET) > 0 && is_uuid($_GET["id"]) && $_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+	if (count($_GET) > 0 && is_uuid($_GET["id"]) && empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 		$music_on_hold_uuid = $_GET["id"];
 		$sql = "select * from v_music_on_hold ";
 		$sql .= "where ( ";
diff --git a/app/phrases/phrase_edit.php b/app/phrases/phrase_edit.php
index 297b8fa412..59977db49f 100644
--- a/app/phrases/phrase_edit.php
+++ b/app/phrases/phrase_edit.php
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 	if (count($_POST) > 0) {
 
 		//process the http post data by submitted action
-			if (!empty($_POST['action']) != '' && is_uuid($_POST['phrase_uuid'])) {
+			if (!empty($_POST['action']) && is_uuid($_POST['phrase_uuid'])) {
 				$array[0]['checked'] = 'true';
 				$array[0]['uuid'] = $_POST['phrase_uuid'];
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 	}
 
 //pre-populate the form
-	if (count($_GET)>0 && $_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+	if (count($_GET)>0 && empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 		$phrase_uuid = $_GET["id"];
 		$sql = "select * from v_phrases ";
 		$sql .= "where ( ";
diff --git a/app/phrases/phrases.php b/app/phrases/phrases.php
index 69965e4f39..a51ff34779 100644
--- a/app/phrases/phrases.php
+++ b/app/phrases/phrases.php
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 	}
 
 //process the http post data by action
-	if (!empty($action) != '' && is_array($phrases)) {
+	if (!empty($action) && is_array($phrases)) {
 		switch ($action) {
 			case 'copy':
 				if (permission_exists('phrase_add')) {
diff --git a/app/recordings/recording_edit.php b/app/recordings/recording_edit.php
index f98ced4ebb..c4e5959e95 100644
--- a/app/recordings/recording_edit.php
+++ b/app/recordings/recording_edit.php
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 	$text = $language->get();
 
 //get recording id
-	if (is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
+	if (!empty($_REQUEST["id"]) && is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
 		$recording_uuid = $_REQUEST["id"];
 	}
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ if (count($_POST) > 0 && empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 		}
 
 	//update the database
-	if ($_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+	if (empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 		if (permission_exists('recording_edit')) {
 			//if file name is not the same then rename the file
 				if ($recording_filename != $recording_filename_original) {
diff --git a/app/recordings/recordings.php b/app/recordings/recordings.php
index 3cf993dfc5..39dca16f75 100644
--- a/app/recordings/recordings.php
+++ b/app/recordings/recordings.php
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 	}
 
 //process the http post data by action
-	if ($action ?? '' && is_array($recordings)) {
+	if (!empty($action) && is_array($recordings)) {
 		switch ($action) {
 			case 'delete':
 				if (permission_exists('recording_delete')) {
diff --git a/app/voicemail_greetings/voicemail_greetings.php b/app/voicemail_greetings/voicemail_greetings.php
index 17cee1d28c..34ee972198 100644
--- a/app/voicemail_greetings/voicemail_greetings.php
+++ b/app/voicemail_greetings/voicemail_greetings.php
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 	$greeting_dir = $_SESSION['switch']['storage']['dir'].'/voicemail/default/'.$_SESSION['domains'][$domain_uuid]['domain_name'].'/'.$voicemail_id;
 
 //download the greeting
-	if (!empty($_GET['a']) == "download" && (permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_play') || permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_download'))) {
+	if (!empty($_GET['a']) && $_GET['a'] == "download" && (permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_play') || permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_download'))) {
 		if ($_GET['type'] == "rec") {
 			//get the id
 			$voicemail_greeting_uuid = $_GET['uuid'];
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
 	}
 
 //upload the greeting
-	if (!empty($_POST['a']) == "upload" && permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_upload')
+	if (!empty($_POST['a']) && $_POST['a'] == "upload" && permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_upload')
 		&& $_POST['type'] == 'rec' && is_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'])) {
 
 		//validate the token
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 	}
 
 //set the greeting
-	if (!empty($_REQUEST['action']) == "set") {
+	if (!empty($_REQUEST['action']) && $_REQUEST['action'] == "set") {
 		//save the greeting_id to a variable
 		$greeting_id = $_REQUEST['greeting_id'];
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
 	}
 
 //get the greetings list
-	if (!empty($_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text']) == 'base64') {
+	if (!empty($_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text']) && $_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text'] == 'base64') {
 		switch ($db_type) {
 			case 'pgsql': $sql_file_size = ", length(decode(greeting_base64,'base64')) as greeting_size "; break;
 			case 'mysql': $sql_file_size = ", length(from_base64(greeting_base64)) as greeting_size "; break;
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@
 	$col_count++;
 	echo th_order_by('greeting_name', $text['label-name'], $order_by, $order, null, null, "id=".urlencode($voicemail_id));
 	$col_count++;
-	if (!empty($_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text']) != 'base64') {
+	if (!empty($_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text']) && $_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text'] != 'base64') {
 		echo th_order_by('greeting_filename', $text['label-filename'], $order_by, $order, null, "class='hide-sm-dn'", "id=".urlencode($voicemail_id));
 		$col_count++;
 	}
@@ -403,12 +403,12 @@
 	}
 	echo "<th class='center no-wrap hide-xs'>".$text['label-size']."</th>\n";
 	$col_count++;
-	if (!empty($_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text']) != 'base64') {
+	if (!empty($_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text']) && $_SESSION['voicemail']['storage_type']['text'] != 'base64') {
 		echo "<th class='center no-wrap hide-xs'>".$text['label-uploaded']."</th>\n";
 		$col_count++;
 	}
 	echo th_order_by('greeting_description', $text['label-description'], $order_by, $order, null, "class='hide-sm-dn pct-25'", "id=".urlencode($voicemail_id));
-	if (permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_edit') && !empty($_SESSION['theme']['list_row_edit_button']['boolean']) == 'true') {
+	if (permission_exists('voicemail_greeting_edit') && !empty($_SESSION['theme']['list_row_edit_button']['boolean']) && $_SESSION['theme']['list_row_edit_button']['boolean'] == 'true') {
 		echo "	<td class='action-button'>&nbsp;</td>\n";
 	}
 	echo "</tr>\n";
diff --git a/core/databases/database_edit.php b/core/databases/database_edit.php
index 402d8ee546..8df6a25696 100644
--- a/core/databases/database_edit.php
+++ b/core/databases/database_edit.php
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ if (count($_POST)>0 && empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 		}
 
 	//add or update the database
-	if ($_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+	if (empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 
 		//begin array
 			$array['databases'][0]['database_driver'] = $database_driver;
diff --git a/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php b/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php
index 38651705ab..ee04542f37 100644
--- a/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php
+++ b/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
  Mark J Crane <markjcrane@fusionpbx.com>
- Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2008-2022
+ Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2008-2023
  the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
 
  Contributor(s):
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 			}
 
 		//add or update the database
-			if ($_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+			if (empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 				// fix null
 				$default_setting_order = ($default_setting_order != '') ? $default_setting_order : 'null';
 
diff --git a/core/menu/menu_edit.php b/core/menu/menu_edit.php
index 6f6acc42dd..c680be13c2 100644
--- a/core/menu/menu_edit.php
+++ b/core/menu/menu_edit.php
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 			}
 
 		//add or update the database
-		if ($_POST["persistformvar"] != "true") {
+		if (empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
 			if ($action == "add") {
 				//create a new unique id
 					$menu_uuid = uuid();