fix: tds for customer and supplier in Journal Entry (backport #49963) (#50985)

Co-authored-by: ljain112 <ljain112@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Smit Vora <smitvora203@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Diptanil Saha <diptanil@frappe.io>

erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_entry/journal_entry.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from erpnext.assets.doctype.asset_depreciation_schedule.asset_depreciation_sched
 	get_depr_schedule,
 )
 from erpnext.controllers.accounts_controller import AccountsController
+from erpnext.setup.utils import get_exchange_rate as _get_exchange_rate
 
 
 class StockAccountInvalidTransaction(frappe.ValidationError):
@@ -273,93 +274,7 @@ class JournalEntry(AccountsController):
 				)
 
 	def apply_tax_withholding(self):
-		from erpnext.accounts.report.general_ledger.general_ledger import get_account_type_map
-
-		if not self.apply_tds or self.voucher_type not in ("Debit Note", "Credit Note"):
-			return
-
-		parties = [d.party for d in self.get("accounts") if d.party]
-		parties = list(set(parties))
-
-		if len(parties) > 1:
-			frappe.throw(_("Cannot apply TDS against multiple parties in one entry"))
-
-		account_type_map = get_account_type_map(self.company)
-		party_type = "supplier" if self.voucher_type == "Credit Note" else "customer"
-		doctype = "Purchase Invoice" if self.voucher_type == "Credit Note" else "Sales Invoice"
-		debit_or_credit = (
-			"debit_in_account_currency"
-			if self.voucher_type == "Credit Note"
-			else "credit_in_account_currency"
-		)
-		rev_debit_or_credit = (
-			"credit_in_account_currency"
-			if debit_or_credit == "debit_in_account_currency"
-			else "debit_in_account_currency"
-		)
-
-		party_account = get_party_account(party_type.title(), parties[0], self.company)
-
-		net_total = sum(
-			d.get(debit_or_credit)
-			for d in self.get("accounts")
-			if account_type_map.get(d.account) not in ("Tax", "Chargeable")
-		)
-
-		party_amount = sum(
-			d.get(rev_debit_or_credit) for d in self.get("accounts") if d.account == party_account
-		)
-
-		inv = frappe._dict(
-			{
-				party_type: parties[0],
-				"doctype": doctype,
-				"company": self.company,
-				"posting_date": self.posting_date,
-				"net_total": net_total,
-			}
-		)
-
-		tax_withholding_details, advance_taxes, voucher_wise_amount = get_party_tax_withholding_details(
-			inv, self.tax_withholding_category
-		)
-
-		if not tax_withholding_details:
-			return
-
-		accounts = []
-		for d in self.get("accounts"):
-			if d.get("account") == tax_withholding_details.get("account_head"):
-				d.update(
-					{
-						"account": tax_withholding_details.get("account_head"),
-						debit_or_credit: tax_withholding_details.get("tax_amount"),
-					}
-				)
-
-			accounts.append(d.get("account"))
-
-			if d.get("account") == party_account:
-				d.update({rev_debit_or_credit: party_amount - tax_withholding_details.get("tax_amount")})
-
-		if not accounts or tax_withholding_details.get("account_head") not in accounts:
-			self.append(
-				"accounts",
-				{
-					"account": tax_withholding_details.get("account_head"),
-					rev_debit_or_credit: tax_withholding_details.get("tax_amount"),
-					"against_account": parties[0],
-				},
-			)
-
-		to_remove = [
-			d
-			for d in self.get("accounts")
-			if not d.get(rev_debit_or_credit) and d.account == tax_withholding_details.get("account_head")
-		]
-
-		for d in to_remove:
-			self.remove(d)
+		JournalEntryTaxWithholding(self).apply()
 
 	def update_asset_value(self):
 		if self.flags.planned_depr_entry or self.voucher_type != "Depreciation Entry":
@@ -1281,6 +1196,230 @@ class JournalEntry(AccountsController):
 			frappe.throw(_("Accounts table cannot be blank."))
 
 
+class JournalEntryTaxWithholding:
+	def __init__(self, journal_entry):
+		self.doc: JournalEntry = journal_entry
+		self.party = None
+		self.party_type = None
+		self.party_account = None
+		self.party_row = None
+		self.existing_tds_rows = []
+		self.precision = None
+		self.has_multiple_parties = False
+
+		# Direction fields based on party type
+		self.party_field = None  # "credit" for Supplier, "debit" for Customer
+		self.reverse_field = None  # opposite of party_field
+
+	def apply(self):
+		if not self._set_party_info():
+			return
+
+		self._setup_direction_fields()
+		self._reset_existing_tds()
+
+		if not self._should_apply_tds():
+			self._cleanup_duplicate_tds_rows(None)
+			return
+
+		if self.has_multiple_parties:
+			frappe.throw(_("Cannot apply TDS against multiple parties in one entry"))
+
+		net_total = self._calculate_net_total()
+		if net_total <= 0:
+			return
+
+		tds_details = self._get_tds_details(net_total)
+		if not tds_details or not tds_details.get("tax_amount"):
+			return
+
+		self._create_or_update_tds_row(tds_details)
+		self._update_party_amount(tds_details.get("tax_amount"), is_reversal=False)
+
+		self._recalculate_totals()
+
+	def _should_apply_tds(self):
+		return self.doc.apply_tds and self.doc.voucher_type in ("Debit Note", "Credit Note")
+
+	def _set_party_info(self):
+		for row in self.doc.get("accounts"):
+			if row.party_type in ("Customer", "Supplier") and row.party:
+				if self.party and row.party != self.party:
+					self.has_multiple_parties = True
+
+				if not self.party:
+					self.party = row.party
+					self.party_type = row.party_type
+					self.party_account = row.account
+					self.party_row = row
+
+			if row.get("is_tax_withholding_account"):
+				self.existing_tds_rows.append(row)
+
+		return bool(self.party)
+
+	def _setup_direction_fields(self):
+		"""
+		For Supplier (TDS): party has credit, TDS reduces credit
+		For Customer (TCS): party has debit, TCS increases debit
+		"""
+		if self.party_type == "Supplier":
+			self.party_field = "credit"
+			self.reverse_field = "debit"
+		else:  # Customer
+			self.party_field = "debit"
+			self.reverse_field = "credit"
+
+		self.precision = self.doc.precision(self.party_field, self.party_row)
+
+	def _reset_existing_tds(self):
+		for row in self.existing_tds_rows:
+			# TDS amount is always in credit (liability to government)
+			tds_amount = flt(row.get("credit") - row.get("debit"), self.precision)
+			if not tds_amount:
+				continue
+
+			self._update_party_amount(tds_amount, is_reversal=True)
+
+			# zero_out_tds_row
+			row.update(
+				{
+					"credit": 0,
+					"credit_in_account_currency": 0,
+					"debit": 0,
+					"debit_in_account_currency": 0,
+				}
+			)
+
+	def _update_party_amount(self, amount, is_reversal=False):
+		amount = flt(amount, self.precision)
+		amount_in_party_currency = flt(amount / self.party_row.get("exchange_rate", 1), self.precision)
+
+		# Determine which field the party amount is in
+		active_field = self.party_field if self.party_row.get(self.party_field) else self.reverse_field
+
+		# If amount is in reverse field, flip the signs
+		if active_field == self.reverse_field:
+			amount = -amount
+			amount_in_party_currency = -amount_in_party_currency
+
+		# Direction multiplier based on party type:
+		# Customer (TCS): +1 (add to debit)
+		# Supplier (TDS): -1 (subtract from credit)
+		direction = 1 if self.party_type == "Customer" else -1
+
+		# Reversal inverts the direction
+		if is_reversal:
+			direction = -direction
+
+		adjustment = amount * direction
+		adjustment_in_party_currency = amount_in_party_currency * direction
+
+		active_field_account_currency = f"{active_field}_in_account_currency"
+
+		self.party_row.update(
+			{
+				active_field: flt(self.party_row.get(active_field) + adjustment, self.precision),
+				active_field_account_currency: flt(
+					self.party_row.get(active_field_account_currency) + adjustment_in_party_currency,
+					self.precision,
+				),
+			}
+		)
+
+	def _calculate_net_total(self):
+		from erpnext.accounts.report.general_ledger.general_ledger import get_account_type_map
+
+		account_type_map = get_account_type_map(self.doc.company)
+
+		return flt(
+			sum(
+				d.get(self.reverse_field) - d.get(self.party_field)
+				for d in self.doc.get("accounts")
+				if account_type_map.get(d.account) not in ("Tax", "Chargeable")
+				and d.account != self.party_account
+				and not d.get("is_tax_withholding_account")
+			),
+			self.precision,
+		)
+
+	def _get_tds_details(self, net_total):
+		return get_party_tax_withholding_details(
+			frappe._dict(
+				{
+					"party_type": self.party_type,
+					"party": self.party,
+					"doctype": self.doc.doctype,
+					"company": self.doc.company,
+					"posting_date": self.doc.posting_date,
+					"tax_withholding_net_total": net_total,
+					"base_tax_withholding_net_total": net_total,
+					"grand_total": net_total,
+				}
+			),
+			self.doc.tax_withholding_category,
+		)
+
+	def _create_or_update_tds_row(self, tds_details):
+		tax_account = tds_details.get("account_head")
+		account_currency = get_account_currency(tax_account)
+		company_currency = frappe.get_cached_value("Company", self.doc.company, "default_currency")
+		exchange_rate = _get_exchange_rate(account_currency, company_currency, self.doc.posting_date)
+
+		tax_amount = flt(tds_details.get("tax_amount"), self.precision)
+		tax_amount_in_account_currency = flt(tax_amount / exchange_rate, self.precision)
+
+		# Find existing TDS row for this account
+		tax_row = None
+		for row in self.doc.get("accounts"):
+			if row.account == tax_account and row.get("is_tax_withholding_account"):
+				tax_row = row
+				break
+
+		if not tax_row:
+			tax_row = self.doc.append(
+				"accounts",
+				{
+					"account": tax_account,
+					"account_currency": account_currency,
+					"exchange_rate": exchange_rate,
+					"cost_center": tds_details.get("cost_center"),
+					"credit": 0,
+					"credit_in_account_currency": 0,
+					"debit": 0,
+					"debit_in_account_currency": 0,
+					"is_tax_withholding_account": 1,
+				},
+			)
+
+		# TDS/TCS is always credited (liability to government)
+		tax_row.update(
+			{
+				"credit": tax_amount,
+				"credit_in_account_currency": tax_amount_in_account_currency,
+				"debit": 0,
+				"debit_in_account_currency": 0,
+			}
+		)
+
+		self._cleanup_duplicate_tds_rows(tax_row)
+
+	def _cleanup_duplicate_tds_rows(self, current_tax_row):
+		rows_to_remove = [
+			row
+			for row in self.doc.get("accounts")
+			if row.get("is_tax_withholding_account") and row != current_tax_row
+		]
+
+		for row in rows_to_remove:
+			self.doc.remove(row)
+
+	def _recalculate_totals(self):
+		self.doc.set_amounts_in_company_currency()
+		self.doc.set_total_debit_credit()
+		self.doc.set_against_account()
+
+
 @frappe.whitelist()
 def get_default_bank_cash_account(company, account_type=None, mode_of_payment=None, account=None):
 	from erpnext.accounts.doctype.sales_invoice.sales_invoice import get_bank_cash_account
@@ -1649,8 +1788,6 @@ def get_exchange_rate(
 	credit=None,
 	exchange_rate=None,
 ):
-	from erpnext.setup.utils import get_exchange_rate
-
 	account_details = frappe.get_cached_value(
 		"Account", account, ["account_type", "root_type", "account_currency", "company"], as_dict=1
 	)
@@ -1672,8 +1809,8 @@ def get_exchange_rate(
 
 		# The date used to retreive the exchange rate here is the date passed
 		# in as an argument to this function.
-		elif (not exchange_rate or flt(exchange_rate) == 1) and account_currency and posting_date:
-			exchange_rate = get_exchange_rate(account_currency, company_currency, posting_date)
+		elif (not flt(exchange_rate) or flt(exchange_rate) == 1) and account_currency and posting_date:
+			exchange_rate = _get_exchange_rate(account_currency, company_currency, posting_date)
 	else:
 		exchange_rate = 1
 

erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_entry_account/journal_entry_account.json

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
   "reference_detail_no",
   "advance_voucher_type",
   "advance_voucher_no",
+  "is_tax_withholding_account",
   "col_break3",
   "is_advance",
   "user_remark",
@@ -282,12 +283,19 @@
    "options": "advance_voucher_type",
    "read_only": 1,
    "search_index": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "default": "0",
+   "fieldname": "is_tax_withholding_account",
+   "fieldtype": "Check",
+   "label": "Is Tax Withholding Account",
+   "read_only": 1
   }
  ],
  "idx": 1,
  "istable": 1,
  "links": [],
- "modified": "2025-10-27 13:48:32.805100",
+ "modified": "2025-11-27 12:23:33.157655",
  "modified_by": "Administrator",
  "module": "Accounts",
  "name": "Journal Entry Account",

erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_entry_account/journal_entry_account.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class JournalEntryAccount(Document):
 		debit_in_account_currency: DF.Currency
 		exchange_rate: DF.Float
 		is_advance: DF.Literal["No", "Yes"]
+		is_tax_withholding_account: DF.Check
 		parent: DF.Data
 		parentfield: DF.Data
 		parenttype: DF.Data

erpnext/accounts/doctype/tax_withholding_category/tax_withholding_category.py

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ def get_party_details(inv):
 	if inv.doctype == "Sales Invoice":
 		party_type = "Customer"
 		party = inv.customer
+	elif inv.doctype == "Journal Entry":
+		party_type = inv.party_type
+		party = inv.party
 	else:
 		party_type = "Supplier"
 		party = inv.supplier
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ def get_party_tax_withholding_details(inv, tax_withholding_category=None):
 		party_type, parties, inv, tax_details, posting_date, pan_no
 	)
 
-	if party_type == "Supplier":
+	if party_type == "Supplier" or inv.doctype == "Journal Entry":
 		tax_row = get_tax_row_for_tds(tax_details, tax_amount)
 	else:
 		tax_row = get_tax_row_for_tcs(inv, tax_details, tax_amount, tax_deducted)
@@ -346,7 +349,10 @@ def get_tax_amount(party_type, parties, inv, tax_details, posting_date, pan_no=N
 	elif party_type == "Customer":
 		if tax_deducted:
 			# if already TCS is charged, then amount will be calculated based on 'Previous Row Total'
-			tax_amount = 0
+			if inv.doctype == "Sales Invoice":
+				tax_amount = 0
+			else:
+				tax_amount = inv.base_tax_withholding_net_total * tax_details.rate / 100
 		else:
 			#  if no TCS has been charged in FY,
 			# then chargeable value is "prev invoices + advances - advance_adjusted" value which cross the threshold
@@ -718,7 +724,7 @@ def get_advance_adjusted_in_invoice(inv):
 
 
 def get_invoice_total_without_tcs(inv, tax_details):
-	tcs_tax_row = [d for d in inv.taxes if d.account_head == tax_details.account_head]
+	tcs_tax_row = [d for d in inv.get("taxes") or [] if d.account_head == tax_details.account_head]
 	tcs_tax_row_amount = tcs_tax_row[0].base_tax_amount if tcs_tax_row else 0
 
 	return inv.grand_total - tcs_tax_row_amount

erpnext/accounts/doctype/tax_withholding_category/test_tax_withholding_category.py

@@ -848,6 +848,90 @@ class TestTaxWithholdingCategory(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertEqual(payment.taxes[0].tax_amount, 6000)
 		self.assertEqual(payment.taxes[0].allocated_amount, 6000)
 
+	def test_tds_on_journal_entry_for_supplier(self):
+		"""Test TDS deduction for Supplier in Debit Note"""
+		frappe.db.set_value(
+			"Supplier", "Test TDS Supplier", "tax_withholding_category", "Cumulative Threshold TDS"
+		)
+
+		jv = make_journal_entry_with_tax_withholding(
+			party_type="Supplier",
+			party="Test TDS Supplier",
+			voucher_type="Debit Note",
+			amount=50000,
+			save=False,
+		)
+		jv.apply_tds = 1
+		jv.tax_withholding_category = "Cumulative Threshold TDS"
+		jv.save()
+
+		# Again saving should not change tds amount
+		jv.user_remark = "Test TDS on Journal Entry for Supplier"
+		jv.save()
+		jv.submit()
+
+		# TDS = 50000 * 10% = 5000
+		self.assertEqual(len(jv.accounts), 3)
+
+		# Find TDS account row
+		tds_row = None
+		supplier_row = None
+		for row in jv.accounts:
+			if row.account == "TDS - _TC":
+				tds_row = row
+			elif row.party == "Test TDS Supplier":
+				supplier_row = row
+
+		self.assertEqual(tds_row.credit, 5000)
+		self.assertEqual(tds_row.debit, 0)
+
+		# Supplier amount should be reduced by TDS
+		self.assertEqual(supplier_row.credit, 45000)
+		jv.cancel()
+
+	def test_tcs_on_journal_entry_for_customer(self):
+		"""Test TCS collection for Customer in Credit Note"""
+		frappe.db.set_value(
+			"Customer", "Test TCS Customer", "tax_withholding_category", "Cumulative Threshold TCS"
+		)
+
+		# Create Credit Note with amount exceeding threshold
+		jv = make_journal_entry_with_tax_withholding(
+			party_type="Customer",
+			party="Test TCS Customer",
+			voucher_type="Credit Note",
+			amount=50000,
+			save=False,
+		)
+		jv.apply_tds = 1
+		jv.tax_withholding_category = "Cumulative Threshold TCS"
+		jv.save()
+
+		# Again saving should not change tds amount
+		jv.user_remark = "Test TCS on Journal Entry for Customer"
+		jv.save()
+		jv.submit()
+
+		# Assert TCS calculation (10% on amount above threshold of 30000)
+		self.assertEqual(len(jv.accounts), 3)
+
+		# Find TCS account row
+		tcs_row = None
+		customer_row = None
+		for row in jv.accounts:
+			if row.account == "TCS - _TC":
+				tcs_row = row
+			elif row.party == "Test TCS Customer":
+				customer_row = row
+
+		# TCS should be credited (liability to government)
+		self.assertEqual(tcs_row.credit, 2000)  # above threshold 20000*10%
+		self.assertEqual(tcs_row.debit, 0)
+
+		# Customer amount should be increased by TCS
+		self.assertEqual(customer_row.debit, 52000)
+		jv.cancel()
+
 
 def cancel_invoices():
 	purchase_invoices = frappe.get_all(
@@ -996,6 +1080,88 @@ def create_payment_entry(**args):
 	return pe
 
 
+def make_journal_entry_with_tax_withholding(
+	party_type,
+	party,
+	voucher_type,
+	amount,
+	cost_center=None,
+	posting_date=None,
+	save=True,
+	submit=False,
+):
+	"""Helper function to create Journal Entry for tax withholding"""
+	if not cost_center:
+		cost_center = "_Test Cost Center - _TC"
+
+	jv = frappe.new_doc("Journal Entry")
+	jv.posting_date = posting_date or today()
+	jv.company = "_Test Company"
+	jv.voucher_type = voucher_type
+	jv.multi_currency = 0
+
+	if party_type == "Supplier":
+		# Debit Note: Expense Dr, Supplier Cr
+		expense_account = "Stock Received But Not Billed - _TC"
+		party_account = "Creditors - _TC"
+
+		jv.append(
+			"accounts",
+			{
+				"account": expense_account,
+				"cost_center": cost_center,
+				"debit_in_account_currency": amount,
+				"exchange_rate": 1,
+			},
+		)
+
+		jv.append(
+			"accounts",
+			{
+				"account": party_account,
+				"party_type": party_type,
+				"party": party,
+				"cost_center": cost_center,
+				"credit_in_account_currency": amount,
+				"exchange_rate": 1,
+			},
+		)
+	else:  # Customer
+		# Credit Note: Customer Dr, Income Cr
+		party_account = "Debtors - _TC"
+		income_account = "Sales - _TC"
+
+		jv.append(
+			"accounts",
+			{
+				"account": party_account,
+				"party_type": party_type,
+				"party": party,
+				"cost_center": cost_center,
+				"debit_in_account_currency": amount,
+				"exchange_rate": 1,
+			},
+		)
+
+		jv.append(
+			"accounts",
+			{
+				"account": income_account,
+				"cost_center": cost_center,
+				"credit_in_account_currency": amount,
+				"exchange_rate": 1,
+			},
+		)
+
+	if save or submit:
+		jv.insert()
+
+		if submit:
+			jv.submit()
+
+	return jv
+
+
 def create_records():
 	# create a new suppliers
 	for name in [