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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.customer.md
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.customer.md
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---
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{
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"_label": "Customer Master",
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"_title_image": "img/customers.png"
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}
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---
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You can either directly create your Customers via
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> Selling > Customer
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or upload it via the Data Import Tool.
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> Note: Customers are separate from Contacts and Addresses. A Customer can have multiple Contacts and Addresses.
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### Contacts and Addresses
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Contacts and Addresses in ERPNext are stored separately so that you can attach multiple Contacts or Addresses to Customers and Suppliers.
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To add a Contact or Address directly from the Customer record, click on “New Contact” or “New Address”.
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> Tip: When you select a Customer in any transaction, one Contact and Address gets pre-selected. This is the “Default Contact or Address”.
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To Import multiple Contacts and Addresses from a spreadsheet, use the Data Import Tool.
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### Integration with Accounts
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In ERPNext, there is a separate Account record for each Customer, for each Company.
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When you create a new Customer, ERPNext will automatically create an Account Ledger for the Customer under “Accounts Receivable” in the Company set in the Customer record.
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> Advanced Tip: If you want to change the Account Group under which the Customer Account is created, you can set it in the Company master.
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If you want to create an Account in another Company, just change the Company value and “Save” the Customer again.
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### Customer Settings
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You can link a Price List to a Customer (select “Default Price List”), so that when you select that Customer, the Price List will be automatically selected.
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You can set “Credit Days” so that it is automatically set in the Sales Invoices made against this Customer.
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You can set how much credit you want to allow for a Customer by adding the “Credit Limit”. You can also set a global “Credit Limit” in the Company master.Classifying Customers
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ERPNext allows you to group your Customers and also divide them into Territories. Grouping will help you get better analysis of your data and identify which Customers are profitable and which are not. Territories will help you set sales targets for the respective territories.
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### Customer Group
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You can group your Customers so that you can get trend analysis for each group. Typically Customers are grouped by market segment (that is usually based on your domain).
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> Tip: If you think all this is too much effort, you can leave it at “Default Customer Group”. But all this effort, will pay off when you start getting reports.
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### Territory
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If your business operates in multiple Territories (could be countries, states or cities) it is usually a great idea to build your structure in the system. Once you group your Customers by Territories, you can set annual targets for each Item Group and get reports that will show your actual performance in the territory v/s what you had planned.
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### Sales Person
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Sales Persons behave exactly like Territories. You can create an organization chart of Sales Persons where each Sales Person’s target can be set individually. Again as in Territory, the target has to be set against Item Group.
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### Sales Partner
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A Sales Partner is a third party distributor / dealer / commission agent / affiliate / reseller who sells the companies products, for a commission. This is useful if you make the end sale to the Customer, involving your Sales Partner.
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If you sell to your Sales Partner who in-turn sells it to the Customer, then you must make a Customer instead.
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.lead.md
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.lead.md
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---
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{
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"_label": "Lead"
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}
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---
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To get the customer through the door, you may be doing all or any of the following:
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- Listing your product on directories.
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- Maintaining an updated and searchable website.
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- Meeting people at trade events.
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- Advertising your product or services.
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When you send out the word that you are around and have something valuable to offer, people will come in to check out your product. These are your Leads.
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They are called Leads because they may lead you to a sale. Sales people usually work on leads by calling them, building a relationship and sending information about their products or services. It is important to track all this conversation to enable another person who may have to follow-up on that contact. The new person is then able to know the history of that particular Lead.
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To create a Lead, go to:
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> Selling > Lead > New Lead
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ERPNext gives you a lot of options you may want to store about your Leads. For example what is the source, how likely are they to give you business etc. If you have a healthy number of leads, this information will help you prioritize who you want to work with.
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> **Tip:** ERPNext makes it easy to follow-up on leads by updating the “Next Contact” details. This will add a new event in the Calendar for the User who has to contact the lead next.
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### Difference between Lead, Contact and Customer
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The difference is that a Lead is a potential Customer, someone who can give you business. A Customer is an organization or individual who has given you business before (and has an Account in your system). A Contact is a person who belongs to the Customer.
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A Lead can be converted to a Customer by clicking on the “Create Customer” button. Once the Customer is created, the Lead becomes “Converted” and any further Opportunities from the same source can be created against the Customer.
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8
docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.md
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.md
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---
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{
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"_label": "Selling"
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}
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---
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Selling is the communication that happens with the customer prior to and during the sale. You might be managing all the communication yourself or you may have a small team of sales people to handle this. ERPNext helps you track the communication leading up to the sale, by keeping all your documents in an organized and searchable manner.
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ERPNext helps you track business **Opportunities** from **Leads** and **Customers**, send them **Quotations** and make confirmed **Sales Orders**.
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.opportunity.md
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.opportunity.md
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---
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{
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"_label": "Opportunity"
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}
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---
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When you know a Lead is looking for some products or services to buy, you can track that as an Opportunity.
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You can create an Opportunity from:
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> Selling > Opportunity > New Opportunity
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or open a “Open” Lead and click on “Create Opportunity” button.
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An Opportunity can also come from an existing Customer. You can create multiple Opportunities against the same Lead. In Opportunity, apart from the Communication, you can also add the Items for which the Lead or Contact is looking for.
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> Best Practice: Leads and Opportunities are often referred as your “Sales Pipeline” this is what you need to track if you want to be able to predict how much business you are going to get in the future. Its always a good idea to be able to track what is coming in order to adjust your resources.
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.quotation.md
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.quotation.md
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---
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{
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"_label": "Quotation"
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}
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---
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During a sale, the customer may want you to give him a written note about the products or services you are planning to offer, along with the prices and other terms of engagement. This is called a “Proposal” or an “Estimate” or a “Pro Forma Invoice”or a Quotation.
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To create a new Quotation go to:
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> Selling > Quotation > New Quotation
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A Quotation contains details about:
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- The recipient of the Quotation
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- The Items and quantities you are offering.
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- The rates at which they are offered.
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- The taxes applicable.
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- Other charges (like shipping, insurance) if applicable.
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- The validity of contract.
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- The time of delivery.
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- Other conditions.
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> Tip: Images look great on Quotations. To add images to your Quotations, attach the corresponding image in the Item master.
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### Rates
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The rates you quote may depend on two things.
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- The Price List: If you have multiple Price Lists, you can select a Price List or tag it to the Customer (so that it is auto-selected). Your Item prices will automatically be updated from the Price List.
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- The Currency: If you are quoting to a Customer in a different currency, you will have to update the conversion rates to enable ERPNext to save the information in your standard Currency. This will help you to analyze the value of your Quotations in reports in your standard Currency.
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### Taxes
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To add taxes to your Quotation, you can either select a tax template, Sales Taxes and Charges Master or add the taxes on your own.
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You can add taxes in the same manner as the Sales Taxes and Charges Master.
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### Terms and Conditions
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Each Quotation must ideally contain a set of terms of your contract. It is usually a good idea to make templates of your Terms and Conditions, so that you have a standard set of terms. You can do this by going to:
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> Selling > Terms and Conditions (right sidebar)
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#### What should Terms and Conditions Contain?
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- Validity of the offer.
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- Payment Terms (In Advance, On Credit, part advance etc).
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- What is extra (or payable by the Customer).
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- Safety / usage warning.
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- Warranty if any.
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- Returns Policy.
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- Terms of shipping, if applicable.
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- Ways of addressing disputes, indemnity, liability, etc.
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- Address and Contact of your Company.
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### Submission
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Quotation is a “Submittable” transaction. Since you send this Quotation to your Customer or Lead, you must freeze it so that changes are not made after you send the Quotation. See Document Stages.
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> Tip: Quotations can also be titled as “Proforma Invoice” or “Proposal”. Select the right heading in the “Print Heading” field in the “More Info” section. To create new Print Headings go to Setup > Branding and Printing > Print Headings.
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## Discounts
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While making your sales transactions like a Quotation (or Sales Order) you would already have noticed that there is a “Discount” column. On the left is the “Price List Rate” on the right is the “Basic Rate”. You can add a “Discount” value to update the basic rate.
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Since your taxes are calculated on Items, you must apply your discounts here so that you apply the tax on the discounted rate, which is the case for most taxes.
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The second way to apply discount is to add it in your Taxes and Charges table. This way you can explicitly show the Customer the discount you have applied on the order. If you choose this method, remember that you will tax your Customer at the full rate, not the discounted rate. So this is not a good way to track discounts.
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There is a third way to do it. Create an Item called “Discount” and make sure that all the taxes apply in the same way as the main Items. (This method is useful if only one type of tax is applicable on the sale). This way your “Discount” will appear as an expense. You will see a slightly higher income and expense but your profits will still remain the same. This method might be interesting where you want detailed accounting of your discounts.
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> Note: The maximum Discount that can be applied on an Item can be fixed in the Item master.
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47
docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.sales_order.md
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docs/user/selling/docs.user.selling.sales_order.md
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---
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{
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"_label": "Sales Order"
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}
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---
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The Sales Order confirms your sales and triggers purchase (**Purchase Request**) shipment (**Delivery Note**), billing (**Sales Invoice**) and manufacturing (**Production Plan**)
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A Sales Order is usually a binding Contract with your Customer.
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Once your customer confirms the Quotation you can convert your Quotation into a Sales Order. Alternatively, you can create a Sales Order directly from:
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> Selling > Sales Order > New Sales Order
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Most of the information in your Sales Order is the same as the Quotation. There are a few amongst other things that a Sales Order will ask you to update.
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- Expected date of delivery.
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- Customer Purchase Order number: If your customer has sent you a Purchase Order, you can update its number for future reference (in billing).
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#### Packing List
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The “Packing List” table will be automatically updated when you “Save” the Sales Order. If any Items in your table are Sales BOM (packets), then the “Packing List” will contain the exploded (detailed) list of your Items.
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#### Reservation and Warehouses
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If your Sales Order contains Items for which inventory is tracked (Is Stock Item is “Yes”). ERPNext will ask you for “Reservation Warehouse”. If you have set a default Warehouse for the Item, it will automatically set this Warehouse here.
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This “reserved” quantity will help you project what is the quantity you need to purchase based on all your commitments.
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#### Sales Team
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**Sales Partner:** If this Sale was booked via a Sales Partner, you can update the Sales Partner’s details with commission and other info that you can aggregate.
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**Sales Persons:** ERPNext allows you to tag multiple Sales Persons who may have worked on this deal. You can also split the amount in targets of different Sales Persons and track how much incentives they earned on this deal.
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#### Next Steps
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Once your “Submit” your Sales Order, you can now trigger different aspects of your organization:
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- To begin purchase click on “Make Purchase Request”
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- To make a shipment entry click on “Make Delivery Note”
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- To bill, make “Make Sales Invoice”
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- To stop further process on this Sales Order, click on “Stop”
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#### Submission
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Sales Order is a “Submittable” transaction. See Document Stages. You will be able to execute dependent steps (like making a Delivery Note) only after “Submitting” this Sales Order.
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