diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/exchange_rate_revaluation/test_exchange_rate_revaluation.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/exchange_rate_revaluation/test_exchange_rate_revaluation.py
index 51053f1f68c..3eef6ab3832 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/exchange_rate_revaluation/test_exchange_rate_revaluation.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/exchange_rate_revaluation/test_exchange_rate_revaluation.py
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class TestExchangeRateRevaluation(AccountsTestMixin, FrappeTestCase):
 
 		pe = get_payment_entry(si.doctype, si.name)
 		pe.paid_amount = 95
-		pe.source_exchange_rate = 84.211
+		pe.source_exchange_rate = 84.2105
 		pe.received_amount = 8000
 		pe.references = []
 		pe.save().submit()
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class TestExchangeRateRevaluation(AccountsTestMixin, FrappeTestCase):
 		row = next(x for x in je.accounts if x.account == self.debtors_usd)
 		self.assertEqual(flt(row.credit_in_account_currency, precision), 5.0)  # in USD
 		row = next(x for x in je.accounts if x.account != self.debtors_usd)
-		self.assertEqual(flt(row.debit_in_account_currency, precision), 421.06)  # in INR
+		self.assertEqual(flt(row.debit_in_account_currency, precision), 421.05)  # in INR
 
 		# total_debit and total_credit will be 0.0, as JV is posting only to account currency fields
 		self.assertEqual(flt(je.total_debit, precision), 0.0)
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.js b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.js
index 2d27cccfff8..f2d11ba9ff3 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.js
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.js
@@ -324,11 +324,6 @@ frappe.ui.form.on("Payment Entry", {
 			"write_off_difference_amount",
 			frm.doc.difference_amount && frm.doc.party && frm.doc.total_allocated_amount > party_amount
 		);
-
-		frm.toggle_display(
-			"set_exchange_gain_loss",
-			frm.doc.paid_amount && frm.doc.received_amount && frm.doc.difference_amount
-		);
 	},
 
 	set_dynamic_labels: function (frm) {
@@ -1119,36 +1114,34 @@ frappe.ui.form.on("Payment Entry", {
 	},
 
 	set_unallocated_amount: function (frm) {
-		var unallocated_amount = 0;
-		var total_deductions = frappe.utils.sum(
-			$.map(frm.doc.deductions || [], function (d) {
-				return flt(d.amount);
-			})
-		);
+		let unallocated_amount = 0;
+		let deductions_to_consider = 0;
+
+		for (const row of frm.doc.deductions || []) {
+			if (!row.is_exchange_gain_loss) deductions_to_consider += flt(row.amount);
+		}
+		const included_taxes = get_included_taxes(frm);
 
 		if (frm.doc.party) {
 			if (
 				frm.doc.payment_type == "Receive" &&
-				frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount < frm.doc.base_received_amount + total_deductions &&
-				frm.doc.total_allocated_amount <
-					frm.doc.paid_amount + total_deductions / frm.doc.source_exchange_rate
-			) {
-				unallocated_amount =
-					(frm.doc.base_received_amount +
-						total_deductions -
-						flt(frm.doc.base_total_taxes_and_charges) -
-						frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount) /
-					frm.doc.source_exchange_rate;
-			} else if (
-				frm.doc.payment_type == "Pay" &&
-				frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount < frm.doc.base_paid_amount - total_deductions &&
-				frm.doc.total_allocated_amount <
-					frm.doc.received_amount + total_deductions / frm.doc.target_exchange_rate
+				frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount < frm.doc.base_paid_amount + deductions_to_consider
 			) {
 				unallocated_amount =
 					(frm.doc.base_paid_amount +
-						flt(frm.doc.base_total_taxes_and_charges) -
-						(total_deductions + frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount)) /
+						deductions_to_consider -
+						frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount -
+						included_taxes) /
+					frm.doc.source_exchange_rate;
+			} else if (
+				frm.doc.payment_type == "Pay" &&
+				frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount < frm.doc.base_received_amount - deductions_to_consider
+			) {
+				unallocated_amount =
+					(frm.doc.base_received_amount -
+						deductions_to_consider -
+						frm.doc.base_total_allocated_amount -
+						included_taxes) /
 					frm.doc.target_exchange_rate;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1242,77 +1235,85 @@ frappe.ui.form.on("Payment Entry", {
 	},
 
 	write_off_difference_amount: function (frm) {
-		frm.events.set_deductions_entry(frm, "write_off_account");
+		frm.events.set_write_off_deduction(frm);
 	},
 
-	set_exchange_gain_loss: function (frm) {
-		frm.events.set_deductions_entry(frm, "exchange_gain_loss_account");
+	base_paid_amount: function (frm) {
+		frm.events.set_exchange_gain_loss_deduction(frm);
 	},
 
-	set_deductions_entry: function (frm, account) {
-		if (frm.doc.difference_amount) {
-			frappe.call({
-				method: "erpnext.accounts.doctype.payment_entry.payment_entry.get_company_defaults",
-				args: {
-					company: frm.doc.company,
-				},
-				callback: function (r, rt) {
-					if (r.message) {
-						const write_off_row = $.map(frm.doc["deductions"] || [], function (t) {
-							return t.account == r.message[account] ? t : null;
-						});
+	base_received_amount: function (frm) {
+		frm.events.set_exchange_gain_loss_deduction(frm);
+	},
 
-						const difference_amount = flt(
-							frm.doc.difference_amount,
-							precision("difference_amount")
-						);
+	set_exchange_gain_loss_deduction: async function (frm) {
+		// wait for allocate_party_amount_against_ref_docs to finish
+		await frappe.after_ajax();
+		const base_paid_amount = frm.doc.base_paid_amount || 0;
+		const base_received_amount = frm.doc.base_received_amount || 0;
+		const exchange_gain_loss = flt(
+			base_paid_amount - base_received_amount,
+			get_deduction_amount_precision()
+		);
 
-						const add_deductions = (details) => {
-							let row = null;
-							if (!write_off_row.length && difference_amount) {
-								row = frm.add_child("deductions");
-								row.account = details[account];
-								row.cost_center = details["cost_center"];
-							} else {
-								row = write_off_row[0];
-							}
-
-							if (row) {
-								row.amount = flt(row.amount) + difference_amount;
-							} else {
-								frappe.msgprint(__("No gain or loss in the exchange rate"));
-							}
-							refresh_field("deductions");
-						};
-
-						if (!r.message[account]) {
-							frappe.prompt(
-								{
-									label: __("Please Specify Account"),
-									fieldname: account,
-									fieldtype: "Link",
-									options: "Account",
-									get_query: () => ({
-										filters: {
-											company: frm.doc.company,
-										},
-									}),
-								},
-								(values) => {
-									const details = Object.assign({}, r.message, values);
-									add_deductions(details);
-								},
-								__(frappe.unscrub(account))
-							);
-						} else {
-							add_deductions(r.message);
-						}
-
-						frm.events.set_unallocated_amount(frm);
-					}
-				},
-			});
+		if (!exchange_gain_loss) {
+			frm.events.delete_exchange_gain_loss(frm);
+			return;
 		}
+
+		const account_fieldname = "exchange_gain_loss_account";
+		let row = (frm.doc.deductions || []).find((t) => t.is_exchange_gain_loss);
+
+		if (!row) {
+			const response = await get_company_defaults(frm.doc.company);
+
+			const account =
+				response.message?.[account_fieldname] ||
+				(await prompt_for_missing_account(frm, account_fieldname));
+
+			row = frm.add_child("deductions");
+			row.account = account;
+			row.cost_center = response.message?.cost_center;
+			row.is_exchange_gain_loss = 1;
+		}
+
+		row.amount = exchange_gain_loss;
+		frm.refresh_field("deductions");
+		frm.events.set_unallocated_amount(frm);
+	},
+
+	delete_exchange_gain_loss: function (frm) {
+		const exchange_gain_loss_row = (frm.doc.deductions || []).find((row) => row.is_exchange_gain_loss);
+
+		if (!exchange_gain_loss_row) return;
+
+		exchange_gain_loss_row.amount = 0;
+		frm.get_field("deductions").grid.grid_rows[exchange_gain_loss_row.idx - 1].remove();
+		frm.refresh_field("deductions");
+	},
+
+	set_write_off_deduction: async function (frm) {
+		const difference_amount = flt(frm.doc.difference_amount, get_deduction_amount_precision());
+		if (!difference_amount) return;
+
+		const account_fieldname = "write_off_account";
+		const response = await get_company_defaults(frm.doc.company);
+		const write_off_account =
+			response.message?.[account_fieldname] ||
+			(await prompt_for_missing_account(frm, account_fieldname));
+
+		if (!write_off_account) return;
+
+		let row = (frm.doc["deductions"] || []).find((t) => t.account == write_off_account);
+		if (!row) {
+			row = frm.add_child("deductions");
+			row.account = write_off_account;
+			row.cost_center = response.message?.cost_center;
+		}
+
+		row.amount = flt(row.amount) + difference_amount;
+		frm.refresh_field("deductions");
+		frm.events.set_unallocated_amount(frm);
 	},
 
 	bank_account: function (frm) {
@@ -1778,6 +1779,13 @@ frappe.ui.form.on("Advance Taxes and Charges", {
 });
 
 frappe.ui.form.on("Payment Entry Deduction", {
+	before_deductions_remove: function (doc, cdt, cdn) {
+		const row = frappe.get_doc(cdt, cdn);
+		if (row.is_exchange_gain_loss && row.amount) {
+			frappe.throw(__("Cannot delete Exchange Gain/Loss row"));
+		}
+	},
+
 	amount: function (frm) {
 		frm.events.set_unallocated_amount(frm);
 	},
@@ -1799,3 +1807,53 @@ function set_default_party_type(frm) {
 
 	if (party_type) frm.set_value("party_type", party_type);
 }
+
+function get_included_taxes(frm) {
+	let included_taxes = 0;
+	for (const tax of frm.doc.taxes) {
+		if (!tax.included_in_paid_amount) continue;
+
+		if (tax.add_deduct_tax == "Add") {
+			included_taxes += tax.base_tax_amount;
+		} else {
+			included_taxes -= tax.base_tax_amount;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return included_taxes;
+}
+
+function get_company_defaults(company) {
+	return frappe.call({
+		method: "erpnext.accounts.doctype.payment_entry.payment_entry.get_company_defaults",
+		args: {
+			company: company,
+		},
+	});
+}
+
+function prompt_for_missing_account(frm, account) {
+	return new Promise((resolve) => {
+		const dialog = frappe.prompt(
+			{
+				label: __(frappe.unscrub(account)),
+				fieldname: account,
+				fieldtype: "Link",
+				options: "Account",
+				get_query: () => ({
+					filters: {
+						company: frm.doc.company,
+					},
+				}),
+			},
+			(values) => resolve(values?.[account]),
+			__("Please Specify Account")
+		);
+
+		dialog.on_hide = () => resolve("");
+	});
+}
+
+function get_deduction_amount_precision() {
+	return frappe.meta.get_field_precision(frappe.meta.get_field("Payment Entry Deduction", "amount"));
+}
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.json b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.json
index d420bcca342..69debbec5c7 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.json
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.json
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
   "section_break_34",
   "total_allocated_amount",
   "base_total_allocated_amount",
-  "set_exchange_gain_loss",
   "column_break_36",
   "unallocated_amount",
   "difference_amount",
@@ -390,11 +389,6 @@
    "print_hide": 1,
    "read_only": 1
   },
-  {
-   "fieldname": "set_exchange_gain_loss",
-   "fieldtype": "Button",
-   "label": "Set Exchange Gain / Loss"
-  },
   {
    "fieldname": "column_break_36",
    "fieldtype": "Column Break"
@@ -801,7 +795,7 @@
    "table_fieldname": "payment_entries"
   }
  ],
- "modified": "2024-05-31 17:07:06.197249",
+ "modified": "2024-11-07 11:19:19.320883",
  "modified_by": "Administrator",
  "module": "Accounts",
  "name": "Payment Entry",
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.py
index 5ebe1dd8754..7e3d8a5833b 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/payment_entry.py
@@ -893,6 +893,7 @@ class PaymentEntry(AccountsController):
 		self.set_amounts_in_company_currency()
 		self.set_total_allocated_amount()
 		self.set_unallocated_amount()
+		self.set_exchange_gain_loss()
 		self.set_difference_amount()
 
 	def validate_amounts(self):
@@ -988,10 +989,10 @@ class PaymentEntry(AccountsController):
 			if d.exchange_rate is None:
 				d.exchange_rate = 1
 
-			allocated_amount_in_pe_exchange_rate = flt(
+			allocated_amount_in_ref_exchange_rate = flt(
 				flt(d.allocated_amount) * flt(d.exchange_rate), self.precision("base_paid_amount")
 			)
-			d.exchange_gain_loss = base_allocated_amount - allocated_amount_in_pe_exchange_rate
+			d.exchange_gain_loss = base_allocated_amount - allocated_amount_in_ref_exchange_rate
 		return base_allocated_amount
 
 	def set_total_allocated_amount(self):
@@ -1009,29 +1010,80 @@ class PaymentEntry(AccountsController):
 
 	def set_unallocated_amount(self):
 		self.unallocated_amount = 0
-		if self.party:
-			total_deductions = sum(flt(d.amount) for d in self.get("deductions"))
-			included_taxes = self.get_included_taxes()
-			if (
-				self.payment_type == "Receive"
-				and self.base_total_allocated_amount < self.base_received_amount + total_deductions
-				and self.total_allocated_amount
-				< flt(self.paid_amount) + (total_deductions / self.source_exchange_rate)
-			):
-				self.unallocated_amount = (
-					self.base_received_amount + total_deductions - self.base_total_allocated_amount
-				) / self.source_exchange_rate
-				self.unallocated_amount -= included_taxes
-			elif (
-				self.payment_type == "Pay"
-				and self.base_total_allocated_amount < (self.base_paid_amount - total_deductions)
-				and self.total_allocated_amount
-				< flt(self.received_amount) + (total_deductions / self.target_exchange_rate)
-			):
-				self.unallocated_amount = (
-					self.base_paid_amount - (total_deductions + self.base_total_allocated_amount)
-				) / self.target_exchange_rate
-				self.unallocated_amount -= included_taxes
+		if not self.party:
+			return
+
+		deductions_to_consider = sum(
+			flt(d.amount) for d in self.get("deductions") if not d.is_exchange_gain_loss
+		)
+		included_taxes = self.get_included_taxes()
+
+		if self.payment_type == "Receive" and self.base_total_allocated_amount < (
+			self.base_paid_amount + deductions_to_consider
+		):
+			self.unallocated_amount = (
+				self.base_paid_amount
+				+ deductions_to_consider
+				- self.base_total_allocated_amount
+				- included_taxes
+			) / self.source_exchange_rate
+		elif self.payment_type == "Pay" and self.base_total_allocated_amount < (
+			self.base_received_amount - deductions_to_consider
+		):
+			self.unallocated_amount = (
+				self.base_received_amount
+				- deductions_to_consider
+				- self.base_total_allocated_amount
+				- included_taxes
+			) / self.target_exchange_rate
+
+	def set_exchange_gain_loss(self):
+		exchange_gain_loss = flt(
+			self.base_paid_amount - self.base_received_amount,
+			self.precision("amount", "deductions"),
+		)
+
+		exchange_gain_loss_rows = [row for row in self.get("deductions") if row.is_exchange_gain_loss]
+		exchange_gain_loss_row = exchange_gain_loss_rows.pop(0) if exchange_gain_loss_rows else None
+
+		for row in exchange_gain_loss_rows:
+			self.remove(row)
+
+		if not exchange_gain_loss:
+			if exchange_gain_loss_row:
+				self.remove(exchange_gain_loss_row)
+
+			return
+
+		if not exchange_gain_loss_row:
+			values = frappe.get_cached_value(
+				"Company", self.company, ("exchange_gain_loss_account", "cost_center"), as_dict=True
+			)
+
+			for fieldname, value in values.items():
+				if value:
+					continue
+
+				label = _(frappe.get_meta("Company").get_label(fieldname))
+				return frappe.msgprint(
+					_("Please set {0} in Company {1} to account for Exchange Gain / Loss").format(
+						label, get_link_to_form("Company", self.company)
+					),
+					title=_("Missing Default in Company"),
+					indicator="red" if self.docstatus.is_submitted() else "yellow",
+					raise_exception=self.docstatus.is_submitted(),
+				)
+
+			exchange_gain_loss_row = self.append(
+				"deductions",
+				{
+					"account": values.exchange_gain_loss_account,
+					"cost_center": values.cost_center,
+					"is_exchange_gain_loss": 1,
+				},
+			)
+
+		exchange_gain_loss_row.amount = exchange_gain_loss
 
 	def set_difference_amount(self):
 		base_unallocated_amount = flt(self.unallocated_amount) * (
@@ -1059,11 +1111,13 @@ class PaymentEntry(AccountsController):
 	def get_included_taxes(self):
 		included_taxes = 0
 		for tax in self.get("taxes"):
-			if tax.included_in_paid_amount:
-				if tax.add_deduct_tax == "Add":
-					included_taxes += tax.base_tax_amount
-				else:
-					included_taxes -= tax.base_tax_amount
+			if not tax.included_in_paid_amount:
+				continue
+
+			if tax.add_deduct_tax == "Add":
+				included_taxes += tax.base_tax_amount
+			else:
+				included_taxes -= tax.base_tax_amount
 
 		return included_taxes
 
@@ -1912,8 +1966,8 @@ class PaymentEntry(AccountsController):
 def get_matched_payment_request_of_references(references=None):
 	"""
 	Get those `Payment Requests` which are matched with `References`.\n
-	    - Amount must be same.
-	    - Only single `Payment Request` available for this amount.
+	        - Amount must be same.
+	        - Only single `Payment Request` available for this amount.
 
 	Example: [(reference_doctype, reference_name, allocated_amount, payment_request), ...]
 	"""
@@ -2015,7 +2069,7 @@ def get_outstanding_of_references_with_payment_term(references=None):
 def get_outstanding_of_references_with_no_payment_term(references):
 	"""
 	Fetch outstanding amount of `References` which have no `Payment Term` set.\n
-	    - Fetch outstanding amount from `References` it self.
+	        - Fetch outstanding amount from `References` it self.
 
 	Note: `None` is used for allocation of `Payment Request`
 	Example: {(reference_doctype, reference_name, None): outstanding_amount, ...}
@@ -2829,9 +2883,6 @@ def get_payment_entry(
 	update_accounting_dimensions(pe, doc)
 
 	if party_account and bank:
-		pe.set_exchange_rate(ref_doc=doc)
-		pe.set_amounts()
-
 		if discount_amount:
 			base_total_discount_loss = 0
 			if frappe.db.get_single_value("Accounts Settings", "book_tax_discount_loss"):
@@ -2841,7 +2892,8 @@ def get_payment_entry(
 				pe, doc, discount_amount, base_total_discount_loss, party_account_currency
 			)
 
-		pe.set_difference_amount()
+		pe.set_exchange_rate(ref_doc=doc)
+		pe.set_amounts()
 
 	# If PE is created from PR directly, then no need to find open PRs for the references
 	if not created_from_payment_request:
@@ -2853,7 +2905,7 @@ def get_payment_entry(
 def get_open_payment_requests_for_references(references=None):
 	"""
 	Fetch all unpaid Payment Requests for the references. \n
-	    - Each reference can have multiple Payment Requests. \n
+	        - Each reference can have multiple Payment Requests. \n
 
 	Example: {("Sales Invoice", "SINV-00001"): {"PREQ-00001": 1000, "PREQ-00002": 2000}}
 	"""
@@ -3188,13 +3240,14 @@ def set_pending_discount_loss(pe, doc, discount_amount, base_total_discount_loss
 		book_tax_loss = frappe.db.get_single_value("Accounts Settings", "book_tax_discount_loss")
 		account_type = "round_off_account" if book_tax_loss else "default_discount_account"
 
-		pe.set_gain_or_loss(
-			account_details={
+		pe.append(
+			"deductions",
+			{
 				"account": frappe.get_cached_value("Company", pe.company, account_type),
 				"cost_center": pe.cost_center
 				or frappe.get_cached_value("Company", pe.company, "cost_center"),
 				"amount": discount_amount * positive_negative,
-			}
+			},
 		)
 
 
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/test_payment_entry.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/test_payment_entry.py
index 8758110534f..312628d9f97 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/test_payment_entry.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry/test_payment_entry.py
@@ -479,16 +479,9 @@ class TestPaymentEntry(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertEqual(pe.deductions[0].account, "Write Off - _TC")
 
 		# Exchange loss
-		self.assertEqual(pe.difference_amount, 300.0)
-
-		pe.append(
-			"deductions",
-			{
-				"account": "_Test Exchange Gain/Loss - _TC",
-				"cost_center": "_Test Cost Center - _TC",
-				"amount": 300.0,
-			},
-		)
+		self.assertEqual(pe.deductions[-1].amount, 300.0)
+		pe.deductions[-1].account = "_Test Exchange Gain/Loss - _TC"
+		pe.deductions[-1].cost_center = "_Test Cost Center - _TC"
 
 		pe.insert()
 		pe.submit()
@@ -552,16 +545,10 @@ class TestPaymentEntry(FrappeTestCase):
 		pe.reference_no = "1"
 		pe.reference_date = "2016-01-01"
 
-		self.assertEqual(pe.difference_amount, 100)
+		self.assertEqual(pe.deductions[0].amount, 100)
+		pe.deductions[0].account = "_Test Exchange Gain/Loss - _TC"
+		pe.deductions[0].cost_center = "_Test Cost Center - _TC"
 
-		pe.append(
-			"deductions",
-			{
-				"account": "_Test Exchange Gain/Loss - _TC",
-				"cost_center": "_Test Cost Center - _TC",
-				"amount": 100,
-			},
-		)
 		pe.insert()
 		pe.submit()
 
@@ -654,16 +641,9 @@ class TestPaymentEntry(FrappeTestCase):
 		pe.set_exchange_rate()
 		pe.set_amounts()
 
-		self.assertEqual(pe.difference_amount, 500)
-
-		pe.append(
-			"deductions",
-			{
-				"account": "_Test Exchange Gain/Loss - _TC",
-				"cost_center": "_Test Cost Center - _TC",
-				"amount": 500,
-			},
-		)
+		self.assertEqual(pe.deductions[0].amount, 500)
+		pe.deductions[0].account = "_Test Exchange Gain/Loss - _TC"
+		pe.deductions[0].cost_center = "_Test Cost Center - _TC"
 
 		pe.insert()
 		pe.submit()
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.json b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.json
index 1c31829f0ea..e47b51ae028 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.json
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.json
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
   "cost_center",
   "amount",
   "column_break_2",
+  "is_exchange_gain_loss",
   "description"
  ],
  "fields": [
@@ -45,12 +46,20 @@
    "fieldname": "description",
    "fieldtype": "Small Text",
    "label": "Description"
+  },
+  {
+   "default": "0",
+   "depends_on": "eval:doc.is_exchange_gain_loss",
+   "fieldname": "is_exchange_gain_loss",
+   "fieldtype": "Check",
+   "label": "Is Exchange Gain / Loss?",
+   "read_only": 1
   }
  ],
  "index_web_pages_for_search": 1,
  "istable": 1,
  "links": [],
- "modified": "2023-03-06 07:11:57.739619",
+ "modified": "2024-11-05 16:07:47.307971",
  "modified_by": "Administrator",
  "module": "Accounts",
  "name": "Payment Entry Deduction",
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.py
index fc67c526b28..ae4134fc27a 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/payment_entry_deduction/payment_entry_deduction.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class PaymentEntryDeduction(Document):
 		amount: DF.Currency
 		cost_center: DF.Link
 		description: DF.SmallText | None
+		is_exchange_gain_loss: DF.Check
 		parent: DF.Data
 		parentfield: DF.Data
 		parenttype: DF.Data
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/unreconcile_payment/test_unreconcile_payment.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/unreconcile_payment/test_unreconcile_payment.py
index 3d222b22ff8..c058dbfa0b8 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/unreconcile_payment/test_unreconcile_payment.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/unreconcile_payment/test_unreconcile_payment.py
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ class TestUnreconcilePayment(AccountsTestMixin, FrappeTestCase):
 		pe1.paid_from = self.debtors_usd
 		pe1.paid_from_account_currency = "USD"
 		pe1.source_exchange_rate = 75
+		pe1.paid_amount = 100
 		pe1.received_amount = 75 * 100
 		pe1.save()
 		# Allocate payment against both invoices
@@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ class TestUnreconcilePayment(AccountsTestMixin, FrappeTestCase):
 		pe2.paid_from = self.debtors_usd
 		pe2.paid_from_account_currency = "USD"
 		pe2.source_exchange_rate = 75
+		pe2.paid_amount = 100
 		pe2.received_amount = 75 * 100
 		pe2.save()
 		# Allocate payment against both invoices
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/test/test_utils.py b/erpnext/accounts/test/test_utils.py
index 59cbc11794f..5e108dee9b5 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/test/test_utils.py
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
 		payment_entry.deductions = []
 		payment_entry.save()
 
-		# below is the difference between base_received_amount and base_paid_amount
-		self.assertEqual(payment_entry.difference_amount, -4855.0)
+		# below is the difference between base_paid_amount and base_received_amount (exchange gain)
+		self.assertEqual(payment_entry.deductions[0].amount, -4855.0)
 
 		payment_entry.target_exchange_rate = 62.9
 		payment_entry.save()
 
-		# below is due to change in exchange rate
-		self.assertEqual(payment_entry.references[0].exchange_gain_loss, -4855.0)
+		# after changing the exchange rate, there is no exchange gain / loss
+		self.assertEqual(payment_entry.deductions, [])
 
 		payment_entry.references = []
 		self.assertEqual(payment_entry.difference_amount, 0.0)
diff --git a/erpnext/patches.txt b/erpnext/patches.txt
index 2716aa9883b..f53769155bd 100644
--- a/erpnext/patches.txt
+++ b/erpnext/patches.txt
@@ -383,3 +383,4 @@ erpnext.patches.v14_0.update_currency_exchange_settings_for_frankfurter
 erpnext.patches.v15_0.update_task_assignee_email_field_in_asset_maintenance_log
 erpnext.patches.v15_0.update_sub_voucher_type_in_gl_entries
 erpnext.patches.v14_0.update_stock_uom_in_work_order_item
+erpnext.patches.v15_0.set_is_exchange_gain_loss_in_payment_entry_deductions
diff --git a/erpnext/patches/v15_0/set_is_exchange_gain_loss_in_payment_entry_deductions.py b/erpnext/patches/v15_0/set_is_exchange_gain_loss_in_payment_entry_deductions.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ffe272fd5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/erpnext/patches/v15_0/set_is_exchange_gain_loss_in_payment_entry_deductions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import frappe
+
+
+def execute():
+	default_exchange_gain_loss_accounts = frappe.get_all(
+		"Company",
+		filters={"exchange_gain_loss_account": ["!=", ""]},
+		pluck="exchange_gain_loss_account",
+	)
+
+	if not default_exchange_gain_loss_accounts:
+		return
+
+	payment_entry = frappe.qb.DocType("Payment Entry")
+	payment_entry_deduction = frappe.qb.DocType("Payment Entry Deduction")
+
+	frappe.qb.update(payment_entry_deduction).set(payment_entry_deduction.is_exchange_gain_loss, 1).join(
+		payment_entry,
+	).on(payment_entry.name == payment_entry_deduction.parent).where(
+		(payment_entry.paid_to_account_currency != payment_entry.paid_from_account_currency)
+		& (payment_entry_deduction.account.isin(default_exchange_gain_loss_accounts))
+	).run()